相当一部分英语学习者以为词典无非是帮助读者了解单词的音、形、义。其实,如今的一些英
Compare for and since.比较for和since. Use for when you are talking about aperiod of time such as aweek, a month, a year,etc.表示1周、1月、1年等一段时间时使用for:I’ve been studying English for three years.(我已经学了3年英语。)I lived there for six months (but I don’t live there anymore).[我在那里住了6个月(可我现在不在那里住了)。]Use since when you are talking about the exactmoment in the past when something began.表示某事过去开始时刻则用since: I’ve been studying English since 1992.(1992年以来我一直在学英语。)Since always refers to something which began in the past but continue suntil now, so you must use it with the present perfect tense, not the past tense.Since表示某事从过去开始,但一直持续到现在,因此,必须用于现在完成时,不能用于过去时:I’ve lived here since October(= I came to live here in October and I am still livinghere).[10月以来,我一直住这儿(即:我10月份搬来这里,现在还住这里)。]
看到如此耐心详细的解释,我们从此不会再对这两个词的用法感到困惑了吧?
该本词典对同义词也有详尽的辨析,例如,对embarrass与ashamed的比较:People feel embarrassed about small things that they have done which make them appear silly to other people, such as forgetting someone’s name or going to a party in the wrong type of clothes.忘记别人姓名、参加聚会着装不当这些使人们出丑的小事会让人们感到embarrassed(尴尬)。If someone is sorry because they have done something very bad and important, they feel a shamed, not embarrassed.如果某人干了件大坏事,自己不好意思,就要说他感到ashamed(羞愧),而不是embarrassed(尴尬)。以前,在英文中,也许我们不知何为“羞愧”,何为“尴尬”,但是,好的词典也可以让我们成为一个知荣辱的人。
有时候我们使用词典不是为了求证意义、拼写或者用法,而是为了找到一个合适的词语来表达我们心中的某个概念或想法,这时候,就需要一本帮助表达的词典。《牛津英汉双解联想词典》就是这方面的典范之作。比如,要知道关于写信的表达,只要查阅letter这个词目,然后关于书面信函、电子邮件、信件开头和结尾方式、寄信收信等等灵活搭配、地道表达就应有尽有了。
近年,电子辞典也进入了市场,虽然它具有便于携带、收词丰富等特点,但真正要全面地掌握鲜活的语言,还是要靠纸质辞典,毕竟这样的辞典可以让我们在眨眼之间一页之内就可以浏览一个词目的全貌,而不像电子辞典那样往往给人以只见树木难见森林的感觉。何况,像《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(第6版)那样的词典采用菜单释义方式,读者目光轻移,所需义项皆奔来眼底了。真诚希望每个英语学习者能把真正的好“老师”请到身边,常伴左右。